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1. Introduction
2. Psychology of survival
3. Survival planning and survival kits
4. Basic survival medicine
5. Shelters
6. Water procurement
7. Firecraft
8. Food procurement
9. Survival use of plants
10. Poisonous plants
11. Dangerous animals
12. Field-expedient weapons, tools, and equipment
13. Desert survival
14. Tropical survival
15. Cold weather survival
16. Sea survival
17. Expedient water crossings
18. Field-expedient direction finding
19. Signaling techniques
20. Survival movement in hostile areas
21. Camouflage
22. Contact with people
23. Survival in man-made hazards

A. Survival kits
B. Edible and medicinal plants
C. Poisonous plants
D. Dangerous insects and arachnids
E. Poisonous snakes and lizards
F. Dangerous fish and mollusks
G. Clouds: foretellers of weather
H. Contingency plan of action format

Russell's viper

Russell's viper
Vipera russellii

Description: Light brown body with three rows of dark brown or black splotches bordered with white or yellow extending its entire length.

Characteristics: This dangerous species is abundant over its entire range. It is responsible for more human fatalities than any other venomous snake. It is irritable. When threatened, it coils tightly, hisses, and strikes with such speed that its victim has little chance of escaping. Its hemotoxic venom is a powerful coagulant, damaging tissue and blood cells.

Habitat: Variable, from farmlands to dense rain forests. It is commonly found around human settlements.

Length: Average 1 meter, maximum 1.5 meters

Distribution: Sri Lanka, south China, India, Malaysian Peninsula, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, and surrounding islands.

For information on a specific poisonous snake or lizard, click on one of the links below:


  Snake Families:

  - Colubridae
  - Crotalidae
  - Elapidae
  - Viperidae

  POISONOUS SNAKES OF THE AMERICAS:

  - American copperhead
  - Bushmaster
  - Coral snake
  - Cottonmouth
  - Eastern diamondback rattlesnake
  - Eyelash pit viper
  - Fer-de-lance
  - Jumping viper
  - Mojave rattlesnake
  - Tropical rattlesnake
  - Western diamondback rattlesnake

  POISONOUS SNAKES OF EUROPE:

  - Common adder
  - Long-nosed adder
  - Pallas' viper
  - Ursini's viper

  POISONOUS SNAKES OF AFRICA AND ASIA:

  - Boomslang
  - Bush viper
  - Common cobra
  - Egyptian cobra
  - Gaboon viper
  - Green mamba
  - Green tree pit viper
  - Habu pit viper
  - Horned desert viper
  - King cobra
  - Krait
  - Levant viper
  - Malayan pit viper
  - McMahon's viper
  - Mole viper or burrowing vipe
  - Palestinian viper
  - Puff adder
  - Rhinoceros viper or river jack
  - Russell's viper
  - Sand viper
  - Saw-scaled viper
  - Wagler's pit viper or temple viper

  POISONOUS SNAKES OF AUSTRALASIA:

  - Australian copperhead
  - Death adder
  - Taipan
  - Tiger snake

  POISONOUS SEA SNAKES:

  - Banded sea snake
  - Yellow-bellied sea snake

  POISONOUS LIZARDS:

  - Gila monster
  - Mexican beaded lizard


Poisonous snakes and lizards





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